Triangle Sinclair Users Group

JANUARY, i7ss

ATRIANBLESSINERAIRCUSEAS GROW, A\

4

EDITOR
Lonnie Kendall % DOUG DEWEY Bill Roberts
206 JAMES ST.
VOLUME III CARRBORO, NC 27510 NUMBER 1
CONTENTS

Routine to Print Headers 1
Bank Switching for the ZX 81 2
Moon Base Attack Ss
3-D Death Chase-Review 9
Power Saver 1000-Review 9
Notes from Paul Walton 1
Preliminary Info on the

Oliger/Kingsley Disk System 12
Mystery Writer Revealed 12
Letter from Patrick Fagan 13
What does Spectru» Computing Look Like? 14

¥%* WELCOME «4x

This is the first issue of Volume III, (just in time for
summer), and the third year of existance for the Group. I think
that we Timex Sinclair Users’ have a lot to be happy about.

Our group is growing all the time. The last time I checked
with Doug, we were approaching S500 members. That’s a lot of good
people, and good support for our computers. There are a lot of
companies that continue to bring out new hardware and software for
both the TS 2068 and TS 1000. SUPPORT THESE COMPANIES! If you own
a 2068, you can now use the vast mountain of truly excellent
Spectrum software and hardware like MICRODRIVES. Those of us with
TS 1000, like myself, should not feel left out either — there are
Plenty of good software and hardware Projects to keep us busy for
a long time. I might add that this entire newsletter, except what
I don’t need to type up, is done on a TS 1000.

As the year rolls on, Please, don’t forget about your
newsletter. When you have a Program you like, or a tip, send it in
to the newsletter and share the information — better yet, write an
article for the newsletter. Remember, the newsletter is only as
good as you make it.

To start off the year, right, we are publishing Dr. Paul
Hunter’s series on bank switching memory for the TS 1000. We also
Plan to have at least one other series on hardware projects’ for
the TS 1000. Don’t think that the 2068 will be neglected either.

It looks like 1985 is going to be a great year so stay tuned.

JE ' = 99808 CLEAR 63939: FOR a=640a0 To
ROUTINE TO PRINT HEADERS 64013: READ b: POKE 3 5° NecT s
oud 4 : INPUT “IDENTIFY TAPE ae: PR
Iran across this routine far INT #5;TAB (S2-LEN 38-5) -23 “TRPE
the Spectrum in England. You can > "las: LPRINT
Use it if you have a Spectrum 9981 DATA 55,62,0,221,33,20,250
emulator. When you run the 17,17,0,285,85,5,201
routine, it will sek if you want 9982 RANDOMIZE UsR 64000
to Print to the screen of 9983 LET a=6482@: LET b=PEEK 34-
Dae vee and them 28k vou ta LET s-
Mhame the tape. (Simply presse 9084 =. i Preage
ENTER io feu deen tee IF b ee PRINT #5; "Prog:
9985 =: PRIN S) Nuwmec
Now start the tape for which ‘you ae ce ee eee nee
wish to check the headers -- the 9986 IF b=2 THEN PRINT #5; "Chara
Bare réady end Waiting. cter array : "; .

Gf €ach program it will give a98a7 =3 TH: > Butes
wou the name, date lengths sute S67 IF b=3 THEN PRINT #5; "Bytes
Start List number, and the 9988 FOR 4=64@21 TO 64030: LET +
Prog/vars length. On data it =PEEK 4: PRINT #5: CHRS ee NEMT
will alo give you the Starting &@: PRINT #5 . :
address, 9989 LET b=PEEK 2+2564PEEK (441)

S: "bats as
if you have a Lot of programs b PREM) Soy bate, Lensth
and data on a tape, the routine 9990 LET a=a+2: LET b=PEEK 44256
will Continue to print the #PEEK (atl): IF £=3 THEN PRINT &
headers information until you 5; "Start address Pears =
break. 9991 IF s<>@ THEN GO TO 9995

e 43 a] 73 Q NGO To

-- Alan Pattison, 3422 French goad eh ee eee THEN Go
Loop NU, Olympia WA 985ea2 9993 PRINT #5; "Auto start at

mee
Ba7@ CLS : PRINT “Headers to eer 9994 LET a=a¢e2: LET b=PEEK 34255
€en of printer? (S7P)" . #PEEK (441): PRINT HS, "Prog/Uars
S971 INPUT bs Length: "3b
S972 OPEN #5, 64% 9995 PRINT #5: PRUSE 140: POKE =

3692,255: GO To ssse2

: o
9999 SAVE “header” LINE gore
a - Sw ©

BANK SWITCHING FOR THE Zx®@1

BY PAUL HUNTER
INTRODUCTION

There was a tine when 64K of aenory was wore than enough. No longer is this
true and a coaacn coaplaint heard about seall computers like the 2X81/T$1000 and
the Cosaodore 64 is that their aeaory is too limited and that the Coaputers are
therefore unsuitable for "serious applications’, The problea is particularly
acute for the 2X81/TS1000 in which the active BASIC prograa area is limited to
the region between 14K and 32K because af coaproaises made in the hardware
design.

There are two cases in which aore memory is desirable. The first is encountered
when large aaounts of data need to be anipulated and the second accurs when the
program itself requires aore space.

It is possible to overcone this seaory deficiency by hand by breaking the
prograa into saaller segaents, or by dividing the data into sealler blocks, and
then running the prograe piece by piece. This is tedious, however, and it would
be nice to be able to run a large prograa -- say 80K bytes long -- or to be able
to load a large block of data and aanipulate it with a program like Toe Wood's
LXPROFILE, . :

With some additional hardware and a saall operating systea (2K) this can.be
achieved and this article will describe a bank-switched 96K (or larger) systes
for the 2X81/TS1000. This system can be operated manually in auch the sase way
as a RAM disk or it can be controlled froa within a program to create a virtual
aeaory systea,

‘This article is based upon the series which ran from March 1984 to March 1985 in
TSHorizons. The text has been re-edited and the software developed through the
Series has been tested and cleaned up. The article will be divided into two
parts: software and hardware. Because the software can be used with an ordinary
64K RAN pack this will be discussed first (while a bank switched systea is
built).

The software (operating system) can be obtained on cassette tape froa the author
for $10 ppd. Instructions and a @eaory aap of the prograe are provided. The
progran will also be available on EPROM (2716 or an equivalent E2PROM) for $15
ppd.

PART 1 -- THE OPERATING SYSTEM

In the systea to be described the primary aeaory will be addressed froa 0 to
48K. Secondary aeaory will be addressed from 48 to 64K -- this location for the
secondary meaory is a logical choice because the area cannot be used for BASIC
prograas directly.

The priaary aeaory is aade up of the Sinclair BK operating systea, the vacant 8
to 16K block (the so-called transparent slot), the syste variables, the BASIC
program area, the display file, the program variables, and then various stacks.
The aeaory aap is shown in Figure 1.

6OSUB STACK

MACHINE STACK

CALCULATOR STACK
WORK SPACE
80 hex

Figure |

VARTABLES

DISPLAY FILE

BASIC PROGRAM

SYSTEM VARIABLES

TRANSPARENT BLOCK

SYSTEM RON

The secondary memory is RAN (dynamic or Static), NVRAN (or E2PROM), or ROM (or
EPROM) divided into parallel 14K blocks -- you can have as many as you like,
The systea described originally in the TSH series Catered. for four 16K banks and
it worked well. The banks of seaory in the 48 to 44K space were originally 16K
RAN packs stacked end to end (they were cheap) but it’s easier and aore
econoaical to use 44K RAN packs these days. The aodifications to these RAM
packs will be described in the hardware section, The Secondary meaory banks,
and their relation to the prigary systea, are illustrated in Figure {,

The three areas in the 1X81/T51000 aemory map in and out of which we might like
to transfer data are:

LIMITS filename, EXTENSION
PROGRAN 18509 D_tile oPRE
DISPLAY FILE D_file VARS DSP or DIR
VARTABLES VARS Eline - 1 o VAR
or ALL THREE VERSN E_line TOT

So there will be four kinds of files stored in the secondary aeaory banks and we
Can distinguish between thea by an extension to their filenase as shown.

The various routines that sake up the operation of a bank-switched systea, or a
virtual memory systea can be Suaaarized as follows. Most of these routines
apply to all types of files.

SAVE: Hove a file from the primary memory to a bank

LOAD: Nove a file from a bank back into the primary aeaory

PURGE: Delete a file from a bank

RECLAIM: Clear variables or a program (all or part) froa the prigary aeaory

PACK: Reorganize files in a bank, refilling vacated space
BANK: Switch froa one bank to another
ROOM: Deteraine the aaount of space left in a bank

QUIT: Return to the BASIC systen

Some of these routines should be callable from within a program so that a
virtual systea can be japleaented. In such a systea, the retrieval of prograes
or data from the Secondary aemory is transparent to the user.

The location of the various parts of the system are illustrated in a different
way in Figure 2, Here you can see the bank-switching operating systea (BSOS)
located at 8 to 10K, the operating systea variables at 49106 to 49151, and then
the banks in the Secondary aeaory stacked up on one another at 48 to 44K,

i
rt
i! optional banks {

' 8 ME i

<< om
Figure 2 %
L <4
ce RAMTOP
BSOS operating system . (49106) %
O - 8K | 8 - 16K 16 - 32K 32 - 48K

‘directory 704 bytes

BSOS variables
49106 - 4915]

Each bank begins with a directory of fixed size (704 bytes) corresponding to the
size of a 1X81/T81000 display file. An example of a directory is shown in
Figure 3. Each entry in the directory corresponds to a file saved in the bank
and shows the Starting address (where the file is Stored), and the size of the
file. The filenase can be any coabination of characters up to eleven and aust
have one of the extensions listed above (PRE, DSP, VAR, or TOT), This is so the
program knows what to do with the file when it reloads it,

BANK 1 DIRECTORY

NO. NAME *EXT ADDR SIZE
At DIRECTORY » DIR: 491523007043
Bs SAVEROUTINE. PRE: 49856100134;
C: DEC-TO-HEX »PR6: 499901003083
Ds: HEX-TO-DEC «PRG150298100134,
Es: CONVERSION «PR6150432:007503

The directory, as seen in Figure 3, also serves as the aenu, Manual operation
of the systea requires a response 1 through 8 depending upon what you want to
do. Automatic operation is achieved through systea variables at 49106 - 49109,
(All the system variables are listed in Figure 4 with a description of what each
one is for.) 7

The virtual aeaory operating ‘system (a short routine at 9494 decinal ‘2516 hex
for 32 bytes) does the following:

{. Calls FAST

2, Changes the BANK to the one indicated by system variable BANK-NO (49109)
3. Clears lines in the prograe from LINE-NO (49106) to the end of the progran
4, Loads the new subroutine indicated by FILE-NO (49108)

5. Executes the new subroutine

1:SAVE 3:PURGE S:PACK 7:RO0M
2:LOAD 4:RECLAIM 6: BANK 8: QUIT

BSESECSUSESRR OR EEER Ree

|
|

|
|

Figure 4 Systea variables

Address Naae Hex Description

49106 LINE-NO Line nuaber in BASIC prograe
49108 FILE-NO BFD4—s Letter of file in bank directory
49109 BANK-NO BFOS = Bank nuaber (Home bank is #0)

49110 FILE-START BFD6 = Systen address of start of file

49112 FILE-END BFD8 = Systea address of end of file

AV114 STORE-LOC BFDA Storage location of file

49116 PRINT-POS BFDC Print position on screen

49118 DELAY BFDE Delay parameter for keyboard debounce
49120 FIRST-BYTE BFEO First free byte in bank

49122 DIR-ENTRY BFE2. Address for next entry in directory
49124 DATA-STR BFE4 = String cantaining directory entry
49136 FILE-TYPE BFFO First letter of file extension

To run a virtual systea, the prograa aust be Segaented in an intelligent way.
The aain prograe can be aade quite short and then various subroutines can be
Called as required froa one or sore banks. Here's a siaple aodel of a virtual
systea which illustrates the possibilities using auch larger prograas. It's
assuaed that you have a 64K RAN pack (at least), that you have the BS0S loaded
at 8K to 10K, and that you have at least one bank initialized with the
directory. The cassette tape eentioned earlier does all these things
autoaatically upon loading and has these programs already saved in the bank (see
Figure 3). : :

The first subroutine is DEC-TO-HEX stored as file C:
9000 DIN ASIA)
9010 LET N2VAL NS
9020 LET MINT (N/254)
9030 LET L=N-256en
9040 LET AS(L)@CHRS (284INT (H/14))
9050 LET AS(2)=CHRS (2B4N-1GEINT (M/16))
9060 LET AS(3)=CHRS (284INT (L/14))
9070 LET AS(4)=CHRS (28¢L-168INT (L/16))
9080 PRINT "DECIMAL "3Ns° IN HEX IS "sA$
9090 RETURN

The next subroutine is HEX-TO-DEC stored as file Ds

9000 LET ASCODE NS(1)-28

9010 FOR N=2 TO LEN NS

9020 LET A=14#A+(CODE- NS(N)-28)

9030 NEXT N

9040 PRINT "HEX "sN$}" IN DECIMAL IS "yA
TURN

These two routines translate a nuaber from a decimal to a hexadeciaal base and
vice versa. Note that they both occupy the same line range -- only one can be
resident in the system at any time, Which one is resident depends upon what
task you wish to be done -- the job of the virtual @eaory operating routine is
to arrange for the correct subroutine to be present when it is required,

The aain prograa could be soaething like this:

15 REM INITIALIZE VARIABLES

20 POKE 49106,40 #These two pokes enter the line nuaber indicating
30 POKE 49107,35 tthe starting address of the subroutines (9000)
40 POKE 49109,0 #This indicates that the routines are in bank 0
43 REM START HAIN PROGRAM

50 CLS

60 PRINT AT 8,0; "DEC-HEX CONVERSION®

70 PRINT AT 11,0;"ENTER "*H** FOR DECIMAL TO HEX*
80 PRINT AT 12,0;"ENTER **D"* FOR HEX TO DECIMAL*
90 PRINT AT 13,0}"ENTER ANY OTHER KEY TO QUIT®
100 INPUT R$

110 IF R$="H" THEN POKE 49108, 40

120 IF R¢="D° THEN POKE 49108, 41 #Pokes the cade for ‘D‘
130 IF R$<>"H" AND RS<>"D* THEN STOP # -- the letters of the
140 PRINT AT 16,0; "ENTER NUMBER TO°CONVERT® files in bank 0 required
150 INPUT NS

#Pokes the code for ‘C'

190 PRINT AT 20,0; "PRESS AKY KEY TO CONTINUE®

200 IF INKEY$*" THEN g0TO 200

210 60TO 50
8990 RAND USR 9494 Executes virtual seaory routine

This is a trivial exaaple -- but it should suggest to you the possibilities with
larger prograas. When you run this program the exchange of the subroutines
happens so quickly as to be unnoticeable (although adaittedly the routines are
quite short in this example). I¢ you list the progras after trying the hex-dec
conversion in each direction you will see that indeed the lines 9000-9090 do
Change. The ability to change a program depending upon what is required of it
lends great flexibility to its operation.

In the next installaent aore user documentation, and a list of the prograa, wil)
be provided. Let Bill Roberts know if you would like to see a discussion of the

program itself,
lin, sll,

ATTACK... 0 Oe See 8a 8. we eae a Rae ee ee a le ee
; To Sm ait ue, this game is
The is nS same years age TiMinges
med 7 OF beyond aur aun :
94 oionized Titan isat-
Win S Large mooni and a uneasy
treaty soon fotlowed. Earth
rorce 2 tert our moon to set up
camp at Saturn to staiemate
Future annexation. You have
been sent to the maon ta Survey
for @ new moan mote lsHowever,
You hear a message on deepspace 6 GO SUB seaaa
radio that can’t be true....,, 18 PRINT AT 18,@; “----------__
a case Style iz PRINT aie
(Si frames and i2 PRINT “ .
sé Caos vege TACK" ere nee ae
sé utton to 13 PRINT “
craft ,but KE“: PRINT ei NESE eu
bombs. Yau 14 PRINT ™----~----~~__~______
= a A ae
: raft in the 15 FOR L=1 TG 19@- NEXT L
iow ra t in the rear 2@ FOR L=1 TO i186: BEEP -1,@: B
; uoidan’t gét hit and FFP .@2,2@0: NEXT L
f et to0 many get by 22 GO SUB 1184
war is 8 bonus round 23 PAUSE 2ea
» Here you use the Goustick 24 GO SUB Sasa
ull an behind Fleeing ships 25 CLS
Shoaoot’em as fast as you can 38
big points.Then its back te > 58 rer ara
» If you da get hit you - 53 LET SGB-a
get iG anather moon base. 593 FOR G=@ To 4
Yer, {F3.¢,5) stand in the 6@ LET H=INT (RND£10) 42
if this feat. In {FS} they 7@ LEY xXx=29
doun robot hunters to dust 8@ PAPER @
PR. They are faster but &S CLs
you are erate Don’t try ta 145 PAPER 2 eee
fut fun’em,dodge them.use jaoy- = Fae
Stick to move left-right. ae sre BAT Le, “
If you dodge the rabots then REXT
Bou can hep in your ship and ies INK a
head for a : Ps However, tad oe a
ene ee = aoe eyuelae 165 PRINT AT 18,9; “SCORE 75;
to stop you .You'Lit have an ad “
instant when they come in range zen Pon pee rape! Pastt
£o Sho , 28 erore they shoot i168 PRINT AT 46,¢4R;" "
: 2 % ailtawed i found 169 NEXT R if .
5 Pee ee eee 17@ LEY X=INT (RND#10)45
Mepene ae pees i171 SOUND 1,89;2,0;3,6;4,6;5,8;6
EEO anaet Ones 8, 7,8;8,0;9,08;18,6;11,8;12,8;13
beyond me your -6;14,6,15,0;16,8
ter beyond your 175 LEY 777=3
we ts itl¢ i =
fae twee Ge he ce 7: PAPER @: PRINT AT 14
. TS. for Yeu it 19@ GO SUB sae
; f theese =o IF STICK (2,2}=@ THEN GO To
w eee 223 GO SUB sae
: ee 225 IF STICK (2,2) =1 THEN GO su
‘4 euyrpers B Sea

255
266
386

LET Y=6
GO TO 244
SOUND 6,15;7,7;8,16;9,16;18

716,12,16,13,98

901

PAUSE 1

FOR L=13 TO H STEP -1
PRINT AT L,X; "="

PRINT AT LX" “

PRINT AT L,X; “e"

PRINT AT L,X;" “

GO SUB 66a

NEXT L

IF X>XX AND X<XX+4 THEN GO

TO 658

6786
675
686

RETURN

LEY S=5-25

GQ TO 6&8

LET XX=XxX-1

PRINT AT H,X41;" cas
IF XX<@ THEN GO TO sSS@
PRINT AT H,XX; “GHI”
BEEP .8885,xx+2e
RETURN

PRINT AT H,@;“

PRINT AF H,XX; “GHI"
PRINT AT L41,X; “e"
SOUND 6,6; 7,7;8,16;9,16; 14,

16,12,56;13,8

665

PAUSE 68

SOUND &,89;9,0;10,0
PRINT AT H,XX; ” =
PRINT AT H,X; “£°

PRINT AT H,X;," “

LEY 83=5+4+188

PRINT AT H,X;" .
LEY Js=XX

FOR L=H TO 14

LET XX=XxX-—.3

IF XX<@ THEN LET XxX=@
LET J=.434+.3

PRINT ATF L 2X; angles
PRINT AY L,dds “s ”
PRINT AT L,XxX;" ”
PRINT AT L,khks”™ ”
SOUND 7,62;8,15

SOUND @,L45@: PAUSE 3
NEXT L
SOUND 7,63
IF INT JAJ=INT X THEN GO TO

PRINT AT 14,X%; "5"
BEEP .1,-i8
IF 5-568>=30@ THEN GO SUB 9

Gao TO 6@

PRINT AT 44,xX-1; "(8)"
GO SUB 198@a

PRINT AT 344,xM-1;" H “™
GO SUB 1928

PRINT AF 43,xX-1; "4
PRINT AT i3,xX-1;" "
GO SUB 1988

PRINT AT 42,x-2; "4 *¥”

615 GO SUB 1a898

815 PRINT AT 44,x%;"

826 PRINT AT 13,X; "2"

622 GO SUB 1443

625 PRINT AT 12 ,X-2;" -
827 PRINT AT 13,x%;"

628 GO SUB 1982

830 PRINT AT 13,X-3;"z ="
633 PRINT AT 12,x; "2"

648 PRINT AT 13,X-3;"

643 GO SUB 1942

645 PRINT AT 42,x;" ”

856 PRINT AT 44,X-4;“z

=

855 PRINT AT 13,X%; "2"
6S7 GO SUB 1969

668 PRINT AT 44,xX-4;7

875 PRINT AT 14.,%57 =
.58@ PRINT AT 28,9; “BRSE uAS HIT

po32_BEEP 1,28: BEEP .25,11-: BEE
885 IF G<4 THEN GO sUB 2eee
89@ NEXT &

S68 PRINT AT 21,11; “GAME OVER“
S85 PRINT AT 23,9;7

916 SOUND 7,62;8,15

920 FOR L=5¢ TO ise

938 SOUND @,L: PRUSE 1

948 NEXT L

S42 SOUND 6,6; 7,7;8,16;9,16;14,

‘S347 SOUND $,8;9,6;18,8
Bo8 EINE AT &,6; “HIT BUTTON TO

Zee IF STICK (2,2) =@ THEN GO TO
ac2 IF STICK (2,2)}=1 THEN GO TO

S7@ GO TO 95a
9735 CLS : Maa : PAUSE 286: BE
2

1868 SOUND 6,15;7,7;8,16;9,16;18
2716;12,16;13,a
i

1188 LET G$="z:5TAR GRATE 221873.
QEEEELEE EEL ELE TT ELEEE SELLE TERETE
EEEFETELELELEEESZALERT!! ALERTS...
oseseeeneeese TFHES FS SATURN STA
TION 12 SEC._LA GE GRE UNDER HEALY
ENEHY ATTACK CAN’ T HOLD MUCH LO
NGER.. we eae YOU HUST STOP THE
INVASTION! 1 ENCCHING ,KUST s—_—_

aoe ee es

1164 INK 7: PAPER @- BORDER @:- CC
LS
11@5 LET GHu=3

111@ FOR K=8@ TG 6

112@ FOR I=@ TG 31

1158 LET GHJ=6HJ41

1155 IF GHJ=255 THEN GO TO 1260
1168 PRINT AT K,1I;6¢(GHU TO GHU)
1165 BEEP gOS Set (T7S)

211@ PRINT AT 44,x%; "5"

216@ PRINT AT L.xel<!=
2188 LET XB=XB4SGN (X-XB)31

2226 PRINT AT 414,x%;7

2238 IF STICK (1,2) =4 OR STICK {
1,2) =5 OR STICK (1,2) =6 THEN LET
X=X-—.6

2248 IF STICK (1,2) =8 OR STICK {
1,2)=9 OR STICK (1,2) =16 THEN LE
T X=X+.6

225@ IF X<@ THEN LET x=6

2255 IF X>31i THEN LET xX=31

NEXT L

2265 LET X=INTF X

2305 IF 27Z7<>@ FHEN GO To 2318
2366 GO SUB 7aea2

2318 RETURN

2508 FOR L=1 TO 166: BEEP -@61,Lb
‘2: PRINT AT 48,9; “YOU BRE HIT":
PRINT AT 44,X%; "0": NEXT L

2565 SOUND 6,5;7,7;8,16;9,16;16,
16,1312,56;13,8

2518 PAUSE 66

2526 SGUND &5,4:;9,6;16,¢6

2538 LET S$=5-323

2548 RETURN

S@@8 LET XXX=INT (RKRDE36141

3818 RETURN

4806 FOR L=@ TO 14
48@5 PRINT AT LO,"

4886 NEXT L
4605 PRINT AT 14,73 "°C": FOR L=1
TO 206: BEEP .@1,-20: BEEP - 881,08
: BEFP .@@5,-12: NEXT L
4610 FOR L=14 TO @ STEP -1
4626 PRINT AT L,X;"“C"
4825 BEEP .1,L22
4630 PRINT AT L,X;" “
NEXT L

4852 FOR L=1 Ta 5

4@53 LET SHOT=@: LET TIME=-@

4655 LET XA=INT (RND#27)42:- LET

YA=21 —

4668 CLS

4876 PRINT AT 10,15; "4"

469@ PRINT AT YA,XA-1; “DEF

4892 SOUND 6,5; 7,8;8,15

4895 PRINT AT YA,XA-1;" -

410@ IF STICK (2,2) =1 THEN GO TO
2

41@2 LET NNN=INT (RNDz1G@)

4103 IF WANN<34 THEN LET XA=XxA-1-
IF NNN>66 THEN LET xXR=xKAG1

4118 LET YA=YA+SGN (1@8-YA) 41

4128 LET XA=KA4+5GN (15-XxXA) #1

4136 IF YA=1@ AND XA=15 THEN LET
TIHE=TIHE+1

4148 IF TIHE=3 THEN GO To 4398

4168 GO TO 4494 :

4268 IF SHOT<>@ THEN GO TO 41190

4205 SOUND 6,15;7,7;8,16;9,16;18
716;12,16;13,8

4218 PAUSE 2a

4215 GO SUB se8eea

4226 LET SHOT=14

4238 IF XA=15 AND YA=1@ THEN GO

To 425¢@

4248 GO TO 4118

425@ SOUND 6,6; 7,7;8,16;9,16; 10,

16;12,56;13,8

4255 PRINT AT YA,XA-1; “E-

4257 BEEP .01,-2e

4268 PRINT AT 10,14; “>x<¢"

427@ PAUSE 6a

42398 SOUND 8,8;9,8;10,0

4298 LET 5=5+18a

4295 PRINT AT 18,14;~

4296 GO SUB 62a

4297 NEXT L: LEFT SG6B=s

43@7 LEFT Z777=1#8 =

4316 SOUND 6,15; 7,7;8,16;9,16;18
-16;12,16;13,8

4328 PAUSE 6@

433@ SOUND 7,52;8,15

4348 FOR t=-S83 To 1¢e¢e

4356 SOUND @,1:

PRUSE 3

4366 NEXT t
43576 LET S=5-58a

4372 SOUND 6,5;7,7;6,16;1@,16;i2
796,13,8

4373 PRUSE i128

4375 SGUND 8,8;9,86;10,¢

4380 N

5@0@ CLS - PRINT “EEEEEETEEEETEE

FEET EEEEETEEEEEEEE"™

5816
S62e

EFENDER....

PRINT FLASH 1; “RULES”
PRINT = UELCONE EARTH Dp
TITAN SPRCE BOMBERS

ARE HEADED FGR EARTH! ONLY THE
MOON BASE STANDS BETUEEN US A
ND DOOM. YOU MUST SHOOT
AS HANY DGUN AS YCU CAN
»BUT DGH’T GET BOMBED
YOUR-SELF! IF YOU ARE SBOHBED T
HEY UILEL SEND SKY-TRNKS TO Db
UST YOU OFF.YOU‘LEL HAVE To
DODGE THE ATTACK. IF THEY
MISS THEN YOU‘LE HAVE TO
GET IN YGUR SHIP AND TRY T

QO SHOOT THEN DGUN ,BUT BE F

AST AND ON THRE HARK , You cA

NH ORLY SPARE GHE ROUND,TAN

K, RAD THEY ARE VERY FAST.
FEIGOOD LUCK sz

_"

5448 PRINT “FEF EFEFELEF ELE LEE EEE

EEEEEEEELEEE™ é

S@5@ PAUSE 423

3@66 RETURN

6882 PRINT AT YA,XA-1; “DEF"

6@1@ LEY Fi=5: Ler Fe=25

6615 FOR FfF-8 Fao 3

6826 PRINT AT F,F4;"@": PRINT AT

f,F2; "“@"
6825 BEEP .962,2¢6
6838 PRINT AT fF,F2;" “: PRINT AT
f,F2;" *

664@ LET Fi=Fiei- Ler F2=Fe-14

685@ NEXT fF

6668 FOR f=4 Ta 7

6876

PRINT AT £,F2; "2": PRINT AT

f ,Fo; "="

6875
6ece

BEEP .927,16

PRINT AT F,F4;" “-: PRINT AY

f,F2;" 7

6898
6eo5
6166
6114

LET FisFiti: LET Fe=Fo-1
NEXT fF

FOR f=8 To 2
PRINT AT f,F

fF,Fa;7."

LET Fi=Fiti: LET Fe=Fa-4

PRINT ATF 49,14; “GER

PRINT AT @,413-(@-14);"e"- p
AT &,417+(G-34) 53"

PRINT AT @,43-(8-11);" “- p
AT @,174+(@-14)5" *

BEEP .@5,48-(0423}

NEXT &

RETURN

CLS : PRINT AT 16,8;"GO BAC
ANOTHER HGON BRSE 1

PAUSE 268

CLS

PAPER 4

FOR q=14 TO 21
PRINT AT 4,@6;"

NEXT q

PAPER @

INK 7

FOR q=8 TG 13
PRINT AT qg,2¢9;,"C"
BEEP q/1@,26-(q42}
PRINT AT qg,29;" "

PRINT AT 413,29; "Cc"
PRINT AT 43,2; "5"
PRINT AT 3,0; JUMP THE

PRINT AT 44,14;" i

PRINT AT 43,26;" “ .

FOR q=28 TO 18 STEP -i
PRINT AT 43,4; "A"

PRINT AT 43,4; "5"

LEY HHH=i2

BEFP .@24,-2¢

PRINT AT 33,4;" *

IF STICK {2,2} =1 THEN co TO

NEXT gq

PRINT AT 44,16; "_"

BEEP 1,8: BEEP i,-18

LEY 5=5-223

LEY Sé6s=5

RETURN

LEY q=q-i

LEY HHH=HHH-—i

PRINT AT HHH,g; 7S"

BEFP .@23,493-HHH

PRINT AT HHH,g;" *

IF HHH=8 THER Go To 768a8
60 TO 7532
LEY q=q-i-
PRINT AT HHH: “a
BEFP .82,23-HHH

FOR q=18 TD 3 STEP -1
PRINT AT 43.9: "8"
BEEP .45,-i¢

PRINT AY 33,4: 7°58"
BEEP .85,-26

PRINT AT 43,4;

NEXT

qa

LEY S5=5+260

LEY S6B=5
«25,20:

BEEP

RETURN
PRINT AT 14,q;,°_"
GO TO 733@

“C",BIN 86811000

BEEP

“C"41,BIN
“C"+2,BIN
“C°43,BIN
“C"+44,BIN
“C"45,BIN
“C°+4+6,BIN
“C"+4+7,BIN

-1,36

860011060
001111060
00111168
861108118
1116@111
16111101
1868011001

“D" BIN 869000011

“D"41,BIN
“D"+42,BIN
“D"43,BIN
“D°+4,BIN
“D°4+5,BIN
“D"+4+6,BIN
“DOD 47,BIN

“F°, BIN 11900600

86080111

“E“,BIN 1114141111

“E“+41,BIN
“E“42,BIN
“E"43,BIN
“E“44,BIN
“E°“45,5B8IN
“E“+4+6,BIN
“E“47,BIN

11600011
0118080116
@1111118
06111180
960118680
SSSG0000
886800000

“A” ,BIN 862011600

“A“+1,BIN
“A“+2,BIN
“A“43,BIN
“A“44,BIN
“A“45,5IN
“A“4+6,BIN
“AW +47 ,B IN

61801180080
8106610300
@1111118
06061010
041118018
611818608
860410680

“O° ,,BIN 868011800

“3"°41,BIN
“93"42,BIN
“3°43,BIN
“3"+4+4,BIN
“3°45,BIN
“3°46,BIN
“3"47,BIN

083011010
960610610
06011110
061861080
OLSG01111
06081001
860116808

“G" BIN 86060008

“G°4+1,BIN
“G°42,BIN
“G"43,BIN
“G"+4,BIN
“G°45,BIN
“G°46,BIN
“G"47,BIN

SSHBHBEAA
06000011
SSS11111
ALATA
SSSGBGBG
BBHE8H8 BG
BSHSBEVS

37@@ POKE USF “H" BIN Ge@eeaeas 9266 FOR L=1i5 TO 21 9816 PRINT AT 10,14;~
8716 POKE usRF “H'423,59IN eeagegeaae 927@ PRINT AT i,

e," 9817 PRINT AT 412,14;°

872@ POKE USR “H~42/8 IN ATAT4444 : 9818 GO SUB 1989
8738 POKE USR “H"43,8IN @1018101 $266 BEEP .2,4 9819 PRINT AT G,13;"E °
6748 POKE USR “H~+45IN ATADALAL S929@ NEXT L S626 PRINT AT 13,13; “E -
675@ POKE USR “H"+5 BIN @S111114 9368 PAUSE Se 9621 GO SUB 1880
6768 POKE USR “H"+6,>8IN GS@GL11174 93@5 LET 5555=1296 9622 PRINT AT 13,13;" cs
6778 POKE USR “H“+7>BIN @88@1111 9307 FOR V=1 TO 5 9823 PRINT AT 9,13;~ ms
S868 POKE usr “I", BIN 1@8e88¢081 9318 LET ADDL =2- Ler ADDC=@: LET 9824 GO SUB 18968
S616 POKE USAR “I"41,5IN 11198801 RELL=INT (RMD £47342: LET RELC- 9825 PRINT AT &,12;~ -
862@ POKE USR “I"42>B8IN ATAVUS INT (RND#27}42 9826 PRINTF AT ti ise ae:
8338 POKE USR “I~4+3>5IN @LAVAVAA 9326 PRINT AT 44,45; "4" 9827 GO SUB i898
S64@ POKE USK “I-44 BIN ‘eceee eel S338 SOUND 6,15;7,7;8,16;9,16;18 9626 PRINT AT 44,12;~ a
S658 POKE USR “I-45,5IN 11@e8aaaa 216,;12,16;13,8: PRUSE 1 S829 PRINT AT 8,12;~ te
886@ POKE USR “I-4+6>8IN 111¢882893 9335 PRINT AT 124,15; “cG" 963@ BEEP .1,3@: SEEP .5,2@- BEF
G67@ POKE USR “I~47,BIN 11116888 9348 PRINT AT RELL ,RELC-1;"_4_* P .2,1@: BEEP .1,35
8906 POKE USAR “H~ BIN S801188e S935@ IF SFICK £4£,2)=1 THER LET A 9644 NEXT U
8S1@ POKE USR “H"41,5IN #8011886 DOL =-1 ; 9645 LEFT V¥v=555521¢e0
8826 POKE USAR “H“42,BIN S1111118 9366 IF STICK {43,2)=5 THEN LET A S6S@ PRINT AT 49.@:"° “35555; "x
893@ POKE USR “H~+3/B81N 88111183 DBL =-1 4@@=“; uuu
894@ POKE USR “H<44,5IN @1111119 9376 IF STICK (41,2)=¢G THEN LET a 9868 PAUSE Des
S956 POKE USR “H~45,BIN 11088877 DDL =-1 9862 LET S=5+UuUu- LET seB=s
6968 PORE usR “"46,BIN 41414144434 938@ IF STICK {4,2)=2 THEN LET a S87@ RETURN
8976 POKE USR “H"+7/>8IN ALATA DDL =1 9968 GO SUB cgaa
6CG8e@ RETURN 939¢@ IF STICK {3,23=6 THER LET & 9901@ PRINT ATF 49,6;7 YOU DIDN
9@@8@ SOUND 6,5;7,7;38,16;9,16;18, DDL =i “T WAKE IFor*
16;12,56;13,8 $408 IF sTick i2,2}) =38 THEN LET 992@ BEEP 141,-1&- BEEP 2,-28a
9816 FOR m=8 Ta + ADDL = 9638 PHUSE 122
9@22 PAPER m S418 IF STICK {4,2} =4 THER LET 9 964@ RETURN
9838 CLS DPC =-—74
9648 PRUSE is 9428 IF STICK {42,2)=5 THEN LET a
S858 m DBC=-4
S868 PAPER 3 9438 IF STICK {1,2} =6 THEN LET A
9@78 CLS OPC=-1
S@6@ SOUND 3,3:;9,.3;10,08 9448 IF STICK {4,2} =8 THER LET a
S698 RETURN BoC=i
9186 INK 7: GFAFER @-: cLS 9458 IF STICK {21,2} =9 THER LET A
9118 PRPER 4 7 ODC=1 .
9128 FOR L=i5 To 23 S$46@ IF STICK {4,2} =18 THEN LET
9138 PRINT AT 1,35" ADDC=1

“ S47@ PRINT AT 23,8; “TINE LEFT -;
9148 NEXT EL 5855;* =
9345 PRPER 3 $46@ IF RELL =i AKD RELC-14 oR R
915@ PRINT AT if,e8:;° Bon FEL=11 AND REE O=35 GR RELL =11 aK This rogram wa written »b
US ROUND ~ D RELC=16 THEN SG To scae¢e : i Bias a 4
9178 PRINT AT 12.28: 9568 PRINT AT RELL ,REEC-1;" a has a number of fine TS 2068 and

oi S$S1@ LEY REPL =RELL+RpoL- LET REL

918@ PRINT AT 43,8:° sHoOT coUN C=RELC+ADDC 1000 programs that he is going
THE HYPER-FALcoRS* 952@ IF RELL +S THER LET RELL -is let us publish. This first one,
9198 PRINT 953@ IF RELE<3 THEN LET RELL —e : i“
928@ PRINT - RS FAST AS YoU 9548 IF RELC<2 THEN LET RELE_> MOON BASE ATTACK uses the #2
CR” S55@ IF RELC+34 THER LET RELC=3e joystick. Look for his’ pragram
9218 PRINT 9555 LET S5555=5555-1 MUSIC MAKER is the next issue.
922@ PRINT « HIT S8udTorx” 956@ GO TO 93505

9238 IF STICK i2,23=41 THER Go To S686 PRINT AT 43,44:° 8

Sasa 9885S PRINT AT 23,¢@:* Pe ee a a

9248 BEEP .344,36- co TO G236
$258 PRINT AT i9,8;"

$613 PRINT AT 34,34;~-B B¢
9314 PRINT AY 33/14: ~-B -

3D DEATHCHASE
by MICROMEGA
tor the T/S 2048

It is the year 2501, and the North American continent is ruled by
mighty wariords in constant conflict over forest teritory. You are an
elite mercinary biker who is Charged with defending your waclards’
land. At $1000 per kill, its a quick wav to get rich, its also a
quicker way to die.....

The fold cut instuctions fron the cassette bax go on to say that
destroying enemy tanks and choppers nets vou more money, but, af
course, they are harder ta hit. Your bike is equiped with photon
torpedos, but they only fire when your bike is at full throttle. "No
big deal" you say? well, try chasing evil bikers though 2 forest af
popiar trees at full speed: (well, they LQQK like poplar trees). Daes
the enemy shoot back? Well, no. But thev da have the annoving talent of
“making you run into trees. QUCH!

The graphics for this game are outstanding, from the LOADer screen
to the verv realistic 3D effect you experiance wilst rushing through
the woods. Even the sound of bike and biker whacking into Poplars is
well dane. There are a total of eight levels, each having a greater
densitv af trees ta cantend with. The instructions claim that there’ is
a "greatest treasure" on the eight level, but This reviewer must admit
fo never having gotten that far. {vet') Also, every ather level is a
"night patrol", as if chasing loonie bikers though the trees in the
daviight isnt ted enough! '

Conclusion: I usually Play a new aqame for a few hours before |
agraw disinterested and commit it te the "archives", 3D Deathchase is an
exceptian,

Tt continues to Hold the interest af the plaver, and really

Shows aff the T/S 27oO&4g!

POWER SAVER 1000 REVIEW
by Bill Roberts

H & Z Electronics, P. QO. Box 8741, Madison, Wisconsin 53708,
has brought out two uninteruptible power supplies for the Timex
computers. One, the Power Saver 1000 is for the 2ZX-81 line of
computers while the Power Saver 2000 is for the 2068.

H & Z sent a Power Saver 1000 to our group for a review and
after extensive testing, here is our report.

The PS 1000 is packaged in an attractive black plastic case
measuring S’1/16" X S'1/4" X 2°1/4", The unit is heavy. The weight
is due, for the most part, to the four hefty Gates Cyclon sealed
rechargeable batteries. Inside the case is the printed circuit
board with a replaceable‘fuse. Each battery is firmly hot glued to
the case to prevent them from shifting position. The components
are neatly arranged inside the case, something which I think
denotes a quality product. On the front panel is an LED test light
with a test button, and a two position switch.

With the switch in the "ON/SLOW" mode the batteries are
trickled charged and power is supplied to the computer. In this
mode the computer is protected from line voltage fluctuations
(like the furnace or the air conditioner being turned on). If

there is a blackout, then the computer will run for about 3 & 1/2-

hours with the RAM pack attached. Without the RAM pack attached,
the computer will run for 7 hours on a full charge. The Power
Saver 2000 will power the 2068 for 7 hours on a full charge.

With the switch in the "FAST/OFF" mode all power is used to
“quick" charge the batteries (in 6 to 10 hours). The computer is
not supplied power in this mode. This mode is convenient if you
use your computer as a portable. Use the computer in the field
during the day and charge the batteries at night.

The Power Saver 1000 is easy to use. Plug the computer power
supply into the back ‘of the Power Saver 1000 and then plug the
power supply line from the Power Saver 1000 into the computer’s
9volt socket. There is no danger of damage to the Power Saver 1000
if it is left "on" all the time to keep the batteries fully
charged. The Power Saver 1000 was designed so that the batteries
cannot be overcharged.

Here in this area we do not seem to have many brownouts or
blackouts. Let*s give Piedmont Electrical Membership Corporation
and Carolina Power and Light a tip of the hat for a job well done.
So I don’t really need a UPS (things may change though). However,
I do have a Hunter Nonvolatile Memory Board. With a Svolt
regulator on the output of the Power Saver 1000 I would have one
heck of a back-up power supply for the Nonvolatile Memory board.

The Power Saver 1000 is a well designed and produced product.

I give it a solid 8. tin... thn, li,

Bill Roberts
R2 Tarheel Menor
Carboro NC

Dear Bill,

On Sundsy, Mey 5, I'm planning on giving a lecture on Power
Suvplies, How to design and build them from scrounged parts.
Reliable power supplies, both fixed and variable voltage, can

be built ty following a few simple rules.

If you know where to go, good electronic parts can be purchased

by the pound (now I'm going to give away one of my secrets).

For exemple, K & L Scrap Service, located south of Raleigh on

01a Gerner Rd., open 8 to 5, Monday through Friday, has a minimum
charge of $5.99, but you can put 5 lot of electronic parts in one
or two veper bags. Teke your tools, wear old clothes end take two
large grocery bags. Get transformers, diodes (both components and
bridges), cepecitors, transistors and ribbon cable. Also take e
few PC bosrds for the components and the logic chips; include some
hookup wire and a few heat sinks (keep the mics washers for the
power transistors).

Since it is difficult to select a technical level to present in a
lecture without boring some people and talking over the level of
others, I would like to . a few simple, working, ground rules
for electronic parts,4lso, don't be afraid of a spec sheet since
you will only need a\vnumbers off of it.

Some good, cheap, readily available parts are: (single quantity)
2N2222 transistor, 53 cents metal, 4O cents plastic, 1.2 watt,

899 ma Ic, 30 volt, NPN silicon, high gain (50 to 200, usually),
100me (fast), can be used for almost everything low power, Stey
under 1,5 watts and watch Vee. A good matching PNP part is 2N2907.
2%3955(54, also), $1.50 each, metal, 117 watts, Vee 60 volts,

15 amps, a real workhorse, can take 7 amps base current before
failure, gain about 35, not too fast, but meaty, good for 100k¢,
run ebout 70 watts or less and use ea heat sink. Makes a great

hifi amplifier and use for power supply output. NPN siticon,
283054, another good, reliable, cheap workhorse. 50 volt, & amp,
25 watt with heat sink, but run about 10 watts and it will last
forever, 109kc., gain about 50,

Also look at 2nkhié and 2n3051, good, cheap and common.

Diodes: 1N4991 through 1N4007, 50 volts through 1009 volts, the 904
at hoo volts is good, 1 amp, low leakage, a good device and only
25 cents each. These sell for less than one cent in bulk. Also check
the 1Nk145 at 12 cents each (2 cents in bulk), 75 volt, fast, good
for protection around relay coils to cut down spikes, 100 ma.

Use a diode in parallel with your coils for safety.

Now we come to some devices that require some detailed information:
the three terminal voltege regulators. You do not need these to
build good power supplies, but, they are very convenient. Since
they only cost 59 cents to $4.90, check these out: LM7805, 08, 15,
also LM340T, ete. I'll get into these more in the future, but right
now we need some additional information to build vower supplies.

Lets talk about some other needed varts, parts from screp yards and
old radios (etc.) that can be used, How about electrolytic capacitors?
Every power supply needs some filtering after the rectifier diodes.
First, watch out for both new and used caps when you turn the power

on for the first time. If they work, fine. If they do not work, they
MAY go off like a firecracker (watch your eyes that first time).

Once they work, they will adjust to the circuit that you use them in,
Made from sheets of eluminum and permanent antifreeze, plus some
paper and a shell, they grow a layer of oxide on the metal surface.
I've gone into a capacitor factory and heard so many explosions thot
it sounded like a hot frying pan. If they work, they will work for

et least five years, probably mbre, but these parts have a working
life and destroy other parts when they fail. So---this brings us

back to rule #1: ALWAYS PUT A FUSE IN THE AC LINE, before the
transformer primary on the L1OVAC line. DO IT!

Good vractical values range from 5Omicrofarad on up and more is.
better. Usually 500 to 1009 microfarad is ok and 3009 is good, SUT,
watch that voltage rating. A 1000V cap will be a SOV cap if it is
used in a 50V circuit; they adjust to conditions.

Since we are discussing voltage, lets mention transformers and

AC to DC values. Take the velue ACRMS stamped on the transformer

and multiply it by 1.414. That is the filtered DC voltage with some
ripple on it (depending on the cepacitor value and load to filter

the voltage). Again, depending on the circuit and a center tapped
transformer, you may want one half of the transformer output and

can use just two diodes instead of s four diode bridge.

I often wind my own transformers and so can you by teking apart

other transformers, counting the turns, perhaps winding with

heavier wire for lower voltege and higher current; some simple

math and common sense will let you custom make trensformers,

I cen custom design industrial transformers and it takes a lot

of math, but you do not need this knowledge for only one power

supply: experiment, keep the primary windings, wind ea few turns on
and take a reading, then use that to calculate the turns that you need.
You must count the turns and use common sense about the amps; for
higher current, use heavier wire. Remember, current produces heat

and if you don't draw much current during testing by using a meter
reading and a known test load, anyone can make a custom transformer;
all it takes is time and effort. Try it, you can only lose a few bucks
and some time and scrap wire; remember ACrms and X1.414 for DC value.
Also, it is very easy to take transformers apart just a very little,
end up with two seperate windings, and make two floating power supplies
on the same core; how about. plus and minus 15 volts and adding
another winding for plus 5 volts. You can do it and have a very useful
bench supply for only a few dollars. Transformers are not complicated;
I wound my first transformer when I was 10 years old and had a business
selling battery chargers to shops when I was 12, using bad, burned
out transistors for rectifers. I filled old lard cans with ofl and
sold them to local motorcycle shops. Wind your transformers from old
radios and TVs; they really work.

Now, what do most people need for power supplies? Probably not too
much power, but polus and minus 15 volts, plus 5 volts and a variable

4 volt to 30 volt , short circuit proof or at least a fuse, 2 or 3
amos, also a nice 12 to 14 volt battery charger is nice and can be
made from scrap..My battery charger, 20 years old, is made from a
rewound transformer, an old, bad transistor and a fruit juice can,
plus a switch and light. It has worked good for 20 years and you
can do the same, just try it; a few simple tools, a VOM, and time.

~OT-

To order the parts at the prices mentioned, please do the
following: Address your order to:

Andrea Sanborn
Sales Dept.
Hamilton-Avnet Electronics SC
3510 Spring Forest Rd.

Raleigh, NC 27604

If ° msil order, include shipping costs: prices ere over the counter
in the beck of the warehouse, ,
Neationel Semiconductor must make hundreds of different voltage
regulators, but s few have proven to be quite popular:
LM340T-(voltege). 5,6,£,10,12,15,1%,24, volts. Only 95 cents esch,
visstic case, 15 watt disp. across device, 1.5Amp output, limit

the voltsge across the device to about 5 volts to 1.7V, heat sink,
of course. There sre matching negative regulators, 320T series.
These make excellent plus and minus supplies, but there is an esesier
way, the LM325 series.

LM325, dual tracking, 15, 12 ana plus 5 and minus 12V. Only 100 ms.
output, Sut two transistors can boost this to whatever you- want.

It protects itself and shuts down if it gets too hot. The LM325S

is s nice package. But --

This one is one of the best and is something that everyone should
have on the back of their ‘workbench! The LM350K! .

The LM3590K at a cost of $4.00; this is an adjustable power supply
regulator with 3 amp output (actually 4.5A at 30V out and 1A at

5V out, because of device power dispn.). Short circuit proof, max
input V of 35VDC, will work well down to 8VDC input. Output can

be adjusted with a front panel pot from 1.2V to 390VDC.

You csn build a power supply with a transformer, rectifier circuit,
filter cap, a pot, a resistor and a ceramic output cap, using scrap
parts. Of course, an on-off switch, panel light, perhaps a meter to

NC watts: 1 800-662-7143
800-334-1597

show output voltage is convenient, but not necessary. For an additional

4.09, you can add a fixed plus 5VDC, for a few more dollars a fixed
plus end minus 15Vde output, all with excellent performance,
Totel cost? Less than $20.00 for parts, plus some time and work.
Refer to 9 National Semiconductor Linear Datavook for detailed info.
You can also make a very practical power supply using a scrap power

transistor, 3 zener diode of the voltage wanted, a couple of resistors

and the usual DC source {transformer, rectifier and filter caps).
A fuse end 5 little ohms law will produce a workable fixed supply,
not sophisticeted, bdut usesble. Watch your voltages and power with
regsrd to the varts used and check the specs.

One finel comment: build your power supply first on s breadboard
and test it- I like to use an 901d piece of scrap 2 by kh.

til, tlie, Alina tli, sl,

The HUNTER Board |
Add Memory that won't Forget!

DESCRIBED IN JULY/AUGUST 1983 Madle-Eleolreales. S2222eneeee ee

v ADD YOUR OWN SYSTEM UTILITIES

v BUILD UP A LIBRARY OF MACHINE
LANGUAGE SUBROUTINES

UP TO 8K NONVOLATILE RAM

USE HM6116LP CMOS RAM
OR 2716/2732 EPROM —

~ COMPATIBLE WITH -
16K RAM PACKS

ASSEMBLY

$395

plus $1.95 shipping and handling

What a super product!...conceived and executed very nicely...and with quality components.

(SYNTAX QUARTERLY Winter 82)
For versatility this is even better than an EPROM. ..ranks quite high on the list of “must-haves”...
(SYNC Magazine Mar/Apr 83)
Provides the user with instant software...an extremely versatile memory extension...

; (Z-WEST June 83)
Complete kit with one 2K 6116LP-3.........0.0. 0.0.00. 4 $32.95
Additional three 6116LP-3.........00..0..000, Guests ere SS Beg 10.00
Bae pe board Se mManahs.s oc tas, wha ea ware pe Seda aen ene es $73.05

” Female connector 23/46 gdld bifurcated: oo... e eee $ 6.00
Kit for EPROM use only....2......... Sei ah ade ewe aaa aghNea Lee $22.95
Assembled & tested with 2K... ccc eee eens $47.95
Assembled & tested with 8K... 6. cece eee eee eae $65.95
Shipping & handling perorder.. 0... ccc eee eee $ 1.95

Send check or money order to the address below:
HUNTER, 1680 FOREST HILLS DRIVE, OKEMOS, MI 48864

Nectors. imegrated circuita. and the lithuum

cet The board
YY —% BUDDHEd win One 2K CMOE 61IGLP-3 RAM — it will ac-
Comodate Inree more for a total of OK

-12- --
PRELIMINARY INFORMATION ON THE OLIGER/KINGSLEY DISC SYSTEX

The hardware of thiga disc interface will consist of the main diac interface
board (board "A"), the firaware/bankin /memory board (board “B'), and/or the 64K
risa 3 (row board (board "C"), All of these boards will be designed to plug into
the Oliger 2068 Expansion Board, so this board ia, of course, also required.

The main disc interface board (board "A") ig already developed and debugged.
Currently (4/85) quotes have been recieved on this board’sa manufacture and an
initial order will be shortly placed. This board will support (hardware wise) up
to four single or double aided, erg es double or gued density, up to 255 sector
by 256 track (if they existed now) hia
tet jae? work (as far ag the hardware ig concerned) on the TS2068, 2x Spectrua,
2X80, 2X8i, TS1000, and TS1500 computers. Software aay pone is enty Planned for the
TS2068 and et | the ZX Specerun? if it is eventua y sold by ot
USA. Support of on y the TS2068 can be made with boards "B" ¢
rted in the future a new firmware support board would have to be
time. The data transfer rate of this board, like all 5 1/4"
floppys in double density mode, ig 32K bytes per second. Actual aed tranefer
fron diac to computer memory, like ALL 5 1/4" disc controllers will “be somethin
less than this, the actual rate shpat pein d software efficiency. I can think o
no one I’d rather trust to this demanding job than Ray Kingsley!

The firavare/bank logic/memory board (board “B') in present] being laid out
for initial protot pe production. Software specific to it can on y be written and
debugged after pro otypes are available. This board used in combination with board

oii) forn a diac drive syaten that acts a lot like the Sinclair Interface One
w/microdrives but using the 1/4" diac drives inatead of the microdrivea for
increased data transfer & file locating speed. Discs written with this basic
system will be CP/M compatible, Files will be readable from at least one popular
chyK format. This board will allow use of all disc support jeyoorde that presently
lead to error messages on the unexpanded 2068, along with ful support of SAVE «,
LOAD #, VERIFY #, and further uses of these commands with CODE, DA A, & SCREENS,
and handle these conmands in a a completely Ticoeperent to the user via hardware
interception of the Basic’s RST O8h he board will contain 8K of
epror sapped O-8K and 8K of static 6264 ram mapped 8-16K in a new bank of memory
(similar to the bank invoked when the "Shadow" rom of the Interface One is paged
in). It will also contain the necessary support logic to switch this additional
menory in and out of the system at the correct times. Because this board will have
its own 8K of ran to be used as a data buffer, machine code variables area, and
catalog map area, NONE of the ram normally available to Basic should be needed for
use by the systera. It would even be very possible to slightly extend the Basic in
Sone ways in addition to the disc system, if enough roon is left in the firnware

y Kingsley decides he would like to. Something like this
would be completely up to Ray, so if you have specific suggestions for sonethin
REALLY desireable you should address pene letters his Mey It is also hoped, i
i

firmware support eprom can be written to support thia board used with a 2068 that
emulates the 2X Spectrum via using a ppectrus rom, romswitch, or Spectrum enulator

e!) for this board’s firaware to check and
Y has in control (2068 or Spectrun) and treat things
accordingly. I have personal Y had many requests for this type of thing and NONE
of the other disc systems that I know of for the 2068 can do it, to my knowledge!
Use of the ites with this board should NOT interfere with the use of cartridges
(regular or Oliger User Cartrid es) or the Exrom bank in any ee In addition to
all of this, Ray tells me that his DOS will Support SAVE ® and LOAD « to/from any
bank of memory on the 2068!

The 64K menory/CPM disc Support board (board "C") will be made mainly to
support the CPM operst in systerm. It will contain 64K of dynanic memory and be
mapped either in the dock or another (similar to the "B" board) bank of menory,
The board could contain sone bank select circuitry and possibly an epron for boot
use if desired by Ray. This board ia fartheat away from actual production and
hence its specs. are the most likely to change. I will try to tailor thia board
around the needa of this aystem used for CPM as determined by Ray.

Prices on these boards are still to be deterrined, but a nature of the fact
that they are rhb hs for use in the Oliger 2068 Pe pansion oard, they are bound
to be more cost effective than competitive systens, Specific comments/suggestions
ticor Unia HARDWARE on this system should be addressed to: The John Oliger Co.

bey Dr. Cumberland, IN 46229, Specific connents/sy gestions concerning
SOFTWARE/FIRMWARE on this System should be addressed to Ray Kingsley C/O Sinware
Software P.O. Box 8032 Santa Fe, NM 87504.

If you would like to be put on this systen’s “INFORM WHEN READY" list, drop ne
@ postcard.

Thank you,
John L. Oliger :
ee a

GREAT NEWS! We now know that the mystery author of "Jdremc" (from
the last issue) is P, H. Skipper, better known as "the Skipper",
Skipper sent us this note about running "JET SET WILLE";

To run the program on a 2068 do the following

1) Merge "" (to load the basic program)
2) Stop the tape when loaded
S)Goto 11

4) Start the tape recorded again.

The first lines (1 to 10) Cause the 2068 to clear so low that it
will crash. a
ll, il, tli, ln,

We work very hard here to product a newsletter that everyone in
the group can benifit from. Our group has a certain guiding
philosophy about how the group and newsletter should be run. Mr.
Fagan’s letter says it very nicely. Sooo.. we decided to share his

ee : letter with everyone. Let me add that we welcome all comments,
Statistics and Programming Book s. both good and bad, and suggestions. Drop us a line and let us know

what you think- ed.

4/16/25 “OPENS UP TAPAET Titties tlewecterng” ~~
. . . J aa GS. nae aes = : = 2
Timex/Sinclair 1000/1500/ZX81 16 K Boe GAUeS. Hence abie to program most any
2@6 JAMES STREET computer in the Z-6@ famaity.
, babe CARRBORO N.C. 75i8 we dropped aii the BASIC for +
ONew Book: Nonparametric Statistics CEAR ME, DEWEY: time being and started reading
. 300 pages; $15.00 - : Sus ace through every scrap of print I
Twenty three programs includin hi-square Phank you for _ forwarding a can find on Machine coding. You
Signed Rank, Mann- itney U, and Pei caaen: Ali copy a5 your T.5.U.6, news Lette: Probably know there ianét Maoh
statistics include listing, complete example of iVOL.ET, 894i1a1%0 me. There are SDEcific Literature available on
experiment using statistic, and complete Pome things + pe oka hed his the 2865 computer as af late.
example of input and output. Oe tat ee eee eae aaa There are books about the
O Programs available on 12 cassettes; $20.00 foo ee Se Bee tS teh ee TS1083, but most of those which
: abowe that of my own computing are tutorial base much of their
OComparison of: Means: t-tests and Analysis of Skills, So it prompts me to instruction on the TSi@0@ ROM. .
Variance 170 pages; $11.00 “ fealiy investigate the progr a Its difficult enough to Learn a
Iwelve programs including ANOVAR with 1, 2 or and articies ,bhat Obviousty ¢ hew Languace without having te
factors. Repeated measures on any ‘or’all a Bae are ee ees transiate to another machine as
factors. Explanations of programs include a The machine code tutorial Weil, -
listing and example of input and output. : ol be eS pes ee eee aes ms are sete ii See
e vit ob aS Jr RRS =! tL ral t} ns 7 kee out
O Programs available on 6 cassettes; $15.00. SEmACRT UP Bleck Rhiee oF LeRiad Pass ae ea ee arbre
: Fi P : mis tis Tis demandin: Pe nye FR pl aoe ee hawe Cassette
O Basics of Timex Sinclair 1500/1000 BASIC at sae Or eee ee ee ay oe commerciatism, I have a cassette
180 pages; $7.00 men tat ne eRe hone 2 Oe » Shaver my 2843 printer and B-W
i i i i ee eat) orang mcr home at night — TV. As soon as I'm capabie of
An introduction to Sinclair BASIC. . that will hep me a eget Fandling more sophisticated j
. * : Z els computer. Everuyuthine oe 2quipment Toth buy it and fse
O New Book: See Programs. into Timex it must be acauired in what ae Oe eee Ne ie ee
Intemaal inclair BASIC 190 Pages; $8.00 Spare time is available. After feel guiityu for my iack of EE
ntermediate to advanced level book Showing Purchasing mu first TS 1900 * moniter,disk drive, extra cam
techniques for ee programs written tomputer about two years aga I “. There is ef6bG pik as much
in various dialects of BASIC. A comprehensive Was faced with a question. bith real content here as any 150
dictionary of keywords is included. ; What Line of reasoning should IT page glossy Sazine with 7FSY
approach this versatile machine? full febtar ads ertisement.
Our books and cassettes can be returned for full Iorealtized the machines
refund within 90 days of purchase. Order from tapabilities facinated me ane bait T'ii thank you agsin
the above description or send for a free detailed fhat Io wanted to learn how ta and j you mu check for
description of the books. If requested, we will Manipulate it and actualiy leas membe in the TRIANGLE
include a free Multiple Correlation program ho contra. at father than Sime SINCLAIP ERS GROUP. I hape
listing (including ; buy LGts of canned programs a there is continuing interest
a a abe K DV HE. Publishers a2 Pair a GOS icke. and that u e getting 3 i the
oe oO Box G7e6. SUPpOrE 7
order or request Ox Years of
for book descrip- Chicaao. |llnors E0680 QAinang
tions. ; g , INOIS ; S basic: 6m
rst os
: 3
to Test o2
atentiai —
ammins. Tt :

.An Argus Press Software Publication _. .,:.; Nov/Dec 1984 ¥

en new programs revealed!
“Take a detailed look at the latest
rofferings from Quicksilva, (23s

; ‘Melbourne House, Psion, -
@Fiatten the fighters and blast «= , o
the alien transporters into dust? _-utomata, ete, etc.

Hackers Hangout —-Study your :
stack as you work; and a practical e
look at random effects. © icy

This is what one issue of
ESpectrum Computing looks like.
'The cassette would be attached
right here.

This tape contains series of programs

The Argus Press Software No-Quibbie Guarantee
Should this tape fall to load, return it to us and we will replace It
and refund your postage.

oe Manager: ©: A$

eevee ’ ASP SOFTWARE. |
‘ Presents

= The Greatest Challenge Ever To Face Man And Machine _

(Atari, BBC B, Spectrum and Commodore 64 )

FIVE MILLION BARBARIANS gd
ARMY OR TWO OF

| FALL O

vember, January. . *

ooeHemel
Hempstead, :

ertsHP11BB

=v t=

. ‘ -15-

The Triangle Users’ Group meets once a month on the first Sunday of each
month at 2:00 pm in the Dreyfus Auditorium of the Research Triangle Fart
facility just off of Cornwallis Road. The public is welcome, in fact the
public is invited. Membership in our Users?’ Group is $10.00 a= year. We
have a large public that we serve, and we need sustaining contributions in
the form of money, articles for the newsletter, or occasional letters
telling us you are interested in receiving our publication. The donation
of goods and monies by members and business friends alike is a welcome
occurence and is also tax-deductible.

TRIANGLE SINCLAIR USERS* GROUP OFFICERS:

President; Doug Dewey, 206 James ST., Carrboro, NC 27510, 919-932-2079.

Vice-President; Bill Roberts, R-2 Tar Heel Manor Apts., Carrbora, NC
27510, 919-929-6104.

Secretarys Dick Scoville, 2313 W. Clud Blvd., Durham, NC 27705, 919-286-
4959.

Treasurer; Mike Boyce, 3313 East Oak Dr., Durham, NC 27712, 919-283-2000.
Send mail and inquires to Doug.

Paar eo ¥XXENOTICEREEE
MAIL ’N MORE, of Glendale, Wisconsin has donated a lot of nice TS 1000
books and accessories. Many Thanks. Our group will put this stuff to good
use.

A Al ill Alt Alli tts sth st sis ct the tt st st eh sth st st. atl. li,

THE LAST WORD

There are a lot of items which are getting difficult to find
since Timex folded. An example is the Memotech High Resolution
Module: it can’t be found for love nor money. Now, a company, LMAA
LTD., has been formed to solve this problem. LMAA LTD. acts kinda
like a broker. You tell them what you want, i.e. a Memotech HRG
Module, and They look around and try to find one. If they find
one, then they tell you the Price at which they can Provide the
device the and the condition of the device (mint, good, poor,
etc.). Their prices, from what I’ve seen, are attractive. They
sell a mint condition Memotech HRG Module for 40.00. That is
about $20.00 off the list Price which is not bad. They are willing
to work with you. If you are looking for something and can not
find it, then you might give’ Ryan Miller, LMAA LTD, F. O. Box
4442, Oceanside, Ca., 92054-0835, (619) 942-6834 a try.

If you would like to jOin our User’s Group -then—f4i1F out “the
application form below and send it along with a check for $10.00
(1 year’s membership) to Doug’s address. You will receive 12
issues of the Triangle Sinclair User’s Group Newsletter (they may
be late, but you will get 12 issues).

INS 8 en Bi,

Ee Oe Rade hee yee ee

TOWNS coe STATE: ___"__ ZIP CODE:_—

PHONE:

AGE:

I own a: TS 1000 ~~» TS2068 ___, OTHER: |

I plan to buy a QL fomed

“F own a modem___

I want articles on: hardware projects ___s SOftware ‘
reviews ___, machine code . =~

I would like to write some articles for the newsletter S
I would like to =

Doug Dewey
206 James St.
Carrboro, NC 27510

NONPROFIT oRs.,
U.S. PUSTAGE
PA

206 James St.
Carrboro, NC 27510 CARRBORO, N.C,

PERMIT NO. 83

YIY TOWNS

dO .SY3sn
J SUYIYL